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They are going to paint it.
The father is going to give the bookcase to his daughter.
★变疑难句将be动词移到句首
Are you going to make a bookcase?
Are they going to paint it?
Is the father going to give the bookcase to his daughter?
★变否认句在be动词后面加not
I am not going to make a bookcase.
They are going to paint it.
The father is not going to give the bookcase to his daughter.
★必定答复及否认答复
Yes, I am. No, I am not.
Yes, they are. No, they are not.
Yes, he is. No, he is not.
★特别疑难句
What are you going to do?
What are they going to do?
What is the father going to do?
(必背)
2. There be 句型
暗示哪里有甚么工具(某处有某物)
2 There is＋单数名词＋暗示场合的词（通常是介词词组）
There is a book in this room.
There is a pen on the table
5 There are＋复数名词＋暗示场合的词（通常是介词词组）
There are two pens on the table.
There are three schools there.
★变疑难句将be动词移到句首
Is there a book in this room?
Are there two pens on the table?
★变否认句在动词后面加not
There is not a book in this room.
There are not two pens on the table.
★必定答复及否认答复
Yes, there is. No, there is not.
Yes, there are. No, there are not.
4 问句：
一般疑难句，特别疑难句，选择疑难句，反意疑难句，选择疑难句，否认疑难句
1 一般疑难句: 助动词/be动词+主语
Are you a teacher? Do you want to have a cup of tea?
2 特别疑难句: 特别疑难词+一般疑难句
What is your name?
3 选择疑难句: or
Do you want beef or lamb?
5 反意疑难句: 必定报告句+否认疑难部门， 否认报告部门+必定疑难部门
You don’t need that pen, do you?
6 否认疑难句: 一般疑难句+否认词
Aren’t you lucky? Don’t you want have a rest?
5 冠词用法：a/an/the的一般用法
具体见条记
6 限制词：some, any, many, much
7 some, any 润饰可数名词或不成数名词，some用于必定句，any用于否认句和疑难句，注重，当等待对方的谜底为必定答复时用some
8 many润饰可数名词，much润饰不成数名词，在白话中暗示不少一般不消many, much, 而用a lot of, 在否认句中暗示不少用many, much.
I have a lot of money. I don’t have much money.
12 名词：种类，复数，名词所有格
1．名词分为可数名词和不成数名词
3 不成数名词
没法分隔的工具：water, tea, bread, milk, rice（米）
抽象的工具：love, beauty, coldness（严寒）
不成数名词有如下特色：
2 不克不及用a, an润饰
3 不克不及加s
4 和单数be动词或动词搭配
5 可数名词：
单数可数名词要用冠词润饰，复数可数名词要在名词后面加s,名词复数共有如下几种变革：
法则变革的名词复数情势
法则1 一般环境+s e.g. shell→shells book→books
法则2 以s, x, ch, sh末端+es e.g. fox→foxes church→churches, bus→buses, watch→watches
法则3 以o末端+s或+es e.g. potato→potatoes, Negro→Negroes, hero→heroes, tomato→tomatoes，（口诀：黑人英雄爱吃马铃薯和西红柿），剩下一般加s, radio→radios
法则4 以f, fe末端的，变f, fe为ves e.g. life→lives half→halves, shelf→shelves, city→cities, wife→wives
法则5 以子音字母+y末端, 变y为i+es e.g. sky→skies fly→flies
不法则变革的名词复数情势
单数 man woman foot goose tooth
复数 men women feet geese teeth
单数 child sheep deer mouse fish
复数 children sheep deer mice fish
13 介词( 注重总结书上词组)
14 副词：用法及形容词变副词的变革
15 副词可以润饰形容词，动词，副词或全部句子。如：
The book is very good.
He runs fast.
She came here quite early.
Certainly I will go with you.
4 变革：
5 直接在形容词后加-ly,
careful-carefully, slow-slowly,
3 以子音字母加y末端的形容词，把y变I, 加-ly,
happy-happily, lucky-luckily
6 有些词形容词和副词的情势不异，不必要做任何变革
fast, hard, late
7 有些词加之-ly后意思与原词相差很远：
neary-nearly, high-highly, late-lately,
15 情态动词的利用：can, must, may, might, need,
1．情态动词can（可以或许）, must（必需）, may（可以）
布局：主语+can/must/may+动词原型
He can make the tea.
Sally can air the room.
We can speak English.
★变疑难句将情态动词移到句首
Can he make the tea?
Can Sally air the room?
Can we speak English?
★变否认句在情态动词后面加not
He cannot make the tea.
Sally cannot air the room.
We cannot speak English.
★必定答复及否认答复
Yes, he can. No, he cannot.
Yes, she can. No, she cannot.
Yes, we can. No, we cannot.
★特别疑难句：
What can you do?
(必背)
注重：情态动词的句子没有第三人称单数的变革，不要在情态动词或动词后面加S。
2．Must/have to的区分
must 暗示必需，是主观上感觉应当做，have to是不能不，是因为客观前提强逼的需要要做
must 只能用在暗示如今和未来的句子里，而have to do可以用在任什么时候态
3．must, may, might暗示猜想：
1 must do 暗示对如今究竟的猜想
2 must have done暗示对曩昔究竟的猜想
3 must have been doing 暗示对曩昔正在举行的究竟的猜想
4 may/might do, may/might have done暗示没有任何究竟根据的猜想，might的可能性更小。
5 can’t/couldn’t 暗示不成能
4．need 用法：
5 暗示“必要”时为实意动词，后面可以加名词，也能够加不定式：
I need a pen. Do you need any beer? No, I don’t.
I need to have a rest.
7 Need doing=need to be done，暗示被动
The flowers need watering.
8 Need在否按时做情态动词利用
You needn’t go so early. =You don’t need to go so early.
Must I clean the desk right now? No, you needn’t.
18 不定代词及不定副词：
Some any no every
thing something anything nothing everything
one someone anyone anything everyone
where somewhere anywhere anywhere everywhere
body somebody anybody nobody everybody
I looked for my book everywhere, but I can’t find it anywhere.
If you want go somewhere, if you want to be someone, you must wake up.
Help! Somebody? Anybody?
You are really something.
Since everybody is here, let’s begin our class.
Where did you go? I went nowhere.
Nobody is at home.
I have nothing left.
19 感慨句：
20 What +名词+主语+谓语
What a beautiful girl she is!
11 How + 形容词+主语+谓语
How beautiful the girl is!
20 祈使句：
21 第二人称：
22 let+其别人称代词
23 祈使句的否认，加don’t
24 反意疑难
祈使句（第二人称）
祈使句暗示哀求，号令，建议，约请等，谓语动词一概用原型，句子中凡是不消主语，句末用赞叹好或句号，用降调。
★必定句 动词原型
例， Come here, please. Go downstairs, please. Stand up. Sit down. Be quiet. Be careful.
祈使句中若是有唤语，必定要用逗号离隔，放在句首或句尾
Come in, Amy.
Sit down here, Tom.
Mary, give me a book please.
★否认：Don't+动词原型
Don't come here.
Don’t sit down.
Don’t stand up.
Don’t give me it.
let sb. do
Let me pass.
Let us have a rest.
Let’s have a rest.
(反意疑难)：
Let’s have a walk along the river, shall we?
Let us go out for a drink, will you?
21 倒装句：so/neither的倒装eg.
He can swim. So can I.
I didn’t go to class. Neither did I.
布局：
so/neither+be+ 主语
so/neither+助动词+ 主语
so/neither+情态动词+ 主语
一般如今时, do, does/am, is, are
如今举行时, am, is, are
一般曩昔时, did
如今完成时, have, has
一般未来时, will, shall,
曩昔举行时，was, were
曩昔完成时，had
曩昔未来时, would
22 直接引语/间接引语
若是引语的主句所用动词为曩昔时，那末间接引语要做响应变革：时态，人称，时候地址及批示词
5 时态变革：
一般如今时——一般曩昔时
如今举行时——曩昔举行时
一般曩昔时——曩昔完成时
如今完成时——曩昔完成时
一般未来时——曩昔未来时
be going to——was/were going to/would
can----------------could
may---------------might
7 时候地址及批示词的变革：
here-there, tomorrow-the next day, the following day, this-that…
8 人称变革：按照句意扭转人称。
9 直接宾语/间接宾语
主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
直接宾语是及物动词的直接工具，间接宾语是及物动词的动作所触及的人或事件，也能够说间接宾语暗示动作是对谁做的，或是为谁做的。以是间接宾语要用名词或宾格代词来担任。
He gives me a book.
me间接宾语, a book直接宾语
直接宾语和间接宾语的位置更调时要加一个介词to或for
主语＋及物动词＋直接宾语＋介词+间接宾语
Give me a book.
Give the book to me.
Send his a letter.
Send a letter to him.
Show him the new dress.
Show the new dress to him.
24 从句：
宾语从句，定语从句（限制性），表语从句，状语从句（if指导的真实前提句）
13 宾语从句：若是宾语从句的主句中的动词为曩昔时，那末宾语从句中的时态要和主句同一；若是宾语从句为疑难词指导，那末语序要用报告语序，即主语在前，动词在后。
14 定语从句：
15 表语从句：
16 状语从句（if指导的真实前提句）：主句用一般未来时，从句用一般如今时
What will you do if you win a lot of money?
If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.
26 动词不定式做宾语及宾语补语的用法(具体用法请见NECII)
布局： to do,
用法：可以做除谓语之外的所有成份，语法上称之为非谓语动词。
做宾语：在一些动词后经常使用不定式做宾语，比方：want, like, ask ,try…
做宾补：want sb. to do, ask sb. to do, like
sb. to do…
附录：
代词及be动词
名词复数
动词的第三人称单数情势
动词如今分词
动词曩昔式
曩昔式的读音
形容词的比力级
形容词和副词的最高档
代词及be动词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 ........
单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数
主格 I we you you she/he/it they
宾格 me us you you her/him/it them
代词所有格 my our your your her/his/its their
名词性代词 mine ours yours yours hers/his/its theirs
be动词如今时 Am are are are is are
be动词曩昔时 was were were were was were
名词的复数
法则变革的名词复数情势
法则1 一般环境+s e.g. shell→shells toy→toys
法则2 以s, x, ch, sh末端+es e.g. fox→foxes church→churches
法则3 以o末端s或+es e.g. radio→radios potato→potatoes
法则4 以f, fe末端的，变f, fe为ves e.g. life→lives half→halves
法则5 以子音字母+y末端, 变y为i+es e.g. sky→skies study→studies
动词的第三人称单数情势
法则1 一般环境+s e.g. like-likes, look--looks
法则2 以s, x, ch, sh末端+es e.g. do-does, catch--catches
法则5 以子音字母+y末端, 变y为i+es e.g. carry-carries, fly--flies
动词如今分词
法则一 一般动词加-ing e.g. look-
looking, read-reading, play-playing
法则二 以不发音的字母末端的单词去e加-ing e.g. make-making, take-taking, arrive-arriving
法则三 重读闭音节词末端， 即单词中只有一个元音字母，厥后紧跟一个子音字母的词，双写子音字母再加-ing e. g. run-running, sit-sitting, get-getting, swim-swi妹妹ing, stop--stopping
动词曩昔式
法则动词变革
法则一 一般动词加-ed e.g. look-looked, watch-watched, play--played
法则二 以e末端的加-d e.g. make-maked, arrive--arrived
法则三 以子音字母加末端的变y为i加-ed cry-cried, carry-carried
法则四 重读闭音节词末端， 即单词中只有一个元音字母，厥后紧跟一个子音字母的词，双写子音字母再加-ed stop-stopped,
曩昔式的读音
在清子音后面（除外）读/t/ e.g. walked, jumped
在浊子音和元音后读/d/ e.g. washed, watched
在/t/，/d/后读/id/ e.g. waited, hated
形容词和副词的比力级
比力级 法则一 一般加-er e.g. high-higher
法则二 以末端加-r nice-nicer
法则三 以子音字母加y末端，变y为i再加-er busy-busier,
法则四 重读闭音节末端， 双写子音字母再加-er fat-fatter,
形容词和副词的最高档
最高档 法则一 一般加-est e.g. high-highest
法则二 以末端加-st nice-nicet
法则三 以子音字母加y末端，变y为i再加-est busy-busiest
法则四 重读闭音节末端， 双写子音字母再加--est fat-fattest
常见缩写：
is=’s I am=I’m are=’re
is not=isn’t/ iznt/ are not=aren’t /a:nt/
do not=don’t
does not=doesn’t
was=’s
did not=didn’t
can not=can’t
have=’ve
has=’s
have not=haven’t
has not=hasn’t
will=’ll
will not=won’t
shall not=shan’t
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